ABSTRACT
In order to provide scientific basics for exploitation and sufficient application of Dendrobium officinale leaves resources, the phenol-sulfuric acid method was applied to determine the polysaccharide content. The monosaccharides were derivated by PMP and the derivatives were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n) and the contents of mannose and glucose were determined simultaneously. Similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (2004A) was employed to generate the mean chromatogram and similarity analysis of the samples was carried out. The results demonstrated that polysaccharide content, monosaccharide compositions and composition ratio had an obvious difference between stems and leaves. The polysaccharide content of stems was higher than that of leaves. Monosaccharide composition in leaf was significantly different from that in stem. The polysaccharide from stems was composed of mannose and glucose, however the polysaccharide of leaves was acid heteropolysaccharide and was mainly composed of five monosaccharides, including mannose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose and arabinose. The similarity value of the 14 batches was above 0.9, indicating that similarity of fingerprints among different samples was high. The study can provide evidence for expanding the medicinal parts of D. officinale.
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Dendrobium , Chemistry , Mass Spectrometry , Plant Extracts , Chemistry , Plant Leaves , Chemistry , Plant Stems , Chemistry , Polysaccharides , ChemistryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To establish the HPLC fingerprint of flavonoids from Dendrobium officinale and screen important flavonoid components. METHODS: HPLC analysis was carried out on an XB C18 column(4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) with methanol and water containing 0.4% formic acid as mobile phase using gradient elution program. The detection wavelength was set at 335 nm. Total 11 batches of Dendrobium officinale and 15 batches of different species of Dendrobium were analyzed. The similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2004AB) was applied to analyze the similarity. And principal component analysis (PCA) was used in data analysis. RESULTS: The HPLC fingerprint of flavonoids in Dendrobium officinale was established. Six peaks in this HPLC fingerprint were selected as common characteristic peaks, five of which were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI2. Among the five peaks, four were flavone di-C-glycosides whose aglycone was apigenin, and the other one was naringenin. There were significant differences in the fingerprint chromatograms between Dendrobium officinale and different species of Dendrobium. PCA results indicated that apigenin-6,8-di-C-β-D-glucoside, schaftoside and naringenin were the most important components. CONCLUSION: The established method is highly characteristic and can provide reference for improving the quality control of Dendrobium officinale.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the change of 14-3-3 protein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in different types of meningoencephalitis in children and its value in judging brain injury.Methods CSF 14-3-3 protein bands were detected by means of Western blot in 22 patients with viral meningoencephalitis and 20 cases of purulent meningoencephalitis and with 15 cases of febrile seizures as the control group from Jul.2009 to Jun.2010,and in addition,the quantitative detection of 14-3-3 protein was done by way of ELISA.Correlation was analyzed between the clinical manifestations,prognosis,EEG,head CT or MRI and the changes of 14-3-3 protein.Results The positive rate of 14-3-3 protein in cases of purulent meningitis was 65.0(13/22 cases),higher than viral meningoencephalitis group(27.3％,6/22 cases),and the difference was significant.In the quantitative detection,14-3-3 protein was increased in both the purulent meningitis [(5.6 + 0.2) μg/L] and viral encephalitis groups[(3.2 + 0.3) μg/L] compared with the control group [(0.9 + 0.1) μg/L].After treatment,14-3-3 proteins were less than before in the purulent meningitis and viral meningoencephalitis groups.In the cases with severe clinical manifestations and severe injury brain suggested by imaging and EEG,the 14-3-3 protein in cerebrospinal fluid was elevated;and the prognosis of the cases with increased 14-3-3 protein was poor,as a result of epilepsy,death and so on.Conclusions 14-3-3 protein in the CSF increases with disease severity,so to a certain extent,it can be used to identify viral meningitis and purulent meningitis.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the method of specific chromatogram analysis of ether extract of Dendrobium officinale for identification of D. officinale.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Chromatographic separation was carried out at 30 degrees C on an Ultimate C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) eluted with methanol and water containing 0.2% phosphoric acid in a gradient elution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was set at 280 nm. The similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of NPC (National Pharmacopoeia Committee) was adopted to specific chromatogram construction.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The HPLC specific chromatogram of D. officinale was constructed with 6 common specific chromatographic peaks including naringenin as a reference peak.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method shows good precision and repeatability of relative retention time. It can be used to identify D. officinale.</p>
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Dendrobium , Chemistry , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Ethers , Chemistry , Reproducibility of ResultsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore a characteristic chemical marker of Dendrobium officinale, establish determination method of its content and determine the naringenin content in D. officinale from different sources and growth years.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The content of naringenin was determined by HPLC. HPLC analysis was made on a XB -C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm) with methanol and water containing 0.2% phosphoric acid as mobile phase. The detection wavelength was 290 nm.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The HPLC method showed good linearity within the range of 0.026-0.208 microg (r = 1). The average recovery of naringenin was 96.3% (RSD 1.8%). The naringenin content was the highest in 3 years D. officinale and had some differences from different sources.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The method is accurate and reliable. It is appropriate for the quantitative determination of naringenin in D. officinale and it's production.</p>
Subject(s)
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Dendrobium , Chemistry , Flavanones , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Methanol , Chemistry , Reproducibility of Results , Water , ChemistryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To identify flavone C-glycosides in Dendrobium officinale leaves by high performance liquid chromatography with DAD and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn). METHODS: The chromatographic separation was carried out at 30°C on a XB C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) eluted with gradient program. The mobile phase consisted of methanol and water containing 0.4% formic acid. The detection wavelength was 335 nm and the on-line UV spectra was recorded in the range of 190-400 nm. The mass spectra was obtained by Agilent ion trap mass spectrometer in the negative ion mode with capillary voltage 4 500 V, dry gas temperature 350°C, dry gas flow 12.0 L · min-1, nebulizer pressure 241 kPa; mass range recorded m/z 50-600. RESULTS: Eight flavone di-C-glycosides from D. officinale leaves, whose aglycone was apigenin and monosaccharide was connected with C-6 and C-8, were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn for the first time. The study further proved the characteristics of fragmentation pattern of flavone C-glycosides in ESI-MSn. CONCLUSION: The method is simple and rapid for the identification of D. officinale leaves. The characteristics of fragmentation pattern of ESI-MSn in flavone di-C-glycosides provide a reference for rapid detection and identification of flavone C-glycosides.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To establish the HPLC fingerprints of flavone C-glycosides in Dendrobium officinale leaves and determine the content of apigenin-6-C-α-L-arabinoside-8-C-β-D-xyloside for the quality control. METHODS: The compounds were separated by using XB C18(4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) analytical column. The mobile phase consisted of methanol and water containing 0.4% formic acid. Gradient elution program was used. The detection wavelength was 335 nm. In total 14 batches of Dendrobium officinale leaves and 3 batches of different species from Dendrobium were analyzed. Similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (2004AB) and principal component analysis(PCA) were used in data analysis. RESULTS: The HPLC fingerprint of flavone C-glycosides of Dendrobium officinale leaves was established. In total 9 peaks were selected as the characteristic common peaks and 8 of them were identified. There were significant differences in the fingerprint chromatograms between Dendrobium officinale leaves and different species from Dendrobium. Principal component analysis showed that apigenin-6-C-α-L-arabinoside-8-C-β-D-xyloside among the flavone di-C-glycosides was the most important component. CONCLUSION The HPLC fingerprint and content of major component can be applied for identification and quality control of Dendrobium officinale leaves.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study hypoglycemic action of total flavone (GXTF) of Ampelopsis grossedentata from Guangxi by observing the effects of GXTF on blood glucose levels in many strain animal models.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The blood glucose levels in many strain animal models were determined after oral administration, with the models of diabetes induced by alloxan, of hyperglycemic mice induced by epinephrine and glucose, and normal mice.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>GXTF had better therapeutical action on diabetes mice induced by alloxan, and could significantly lowered the blood glucose levels of hyperglycemic mice induced by epinephrine and glucose, but had no significant effects on blood glucose levels of normal mice. Acute toxicity test showed that the maximum oral dosage is 26.0 g.kg-1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>GXTF has better hypoglycemic effect on many strain animal models and toxicity is vary small.</p>